Bromelain

What is Bromelain?

Bromelain is a mixture of enzymes found in the pineapple plant. It has been used in traditional practice in Central and South America for centuries. The active components in bromelain are proteases (also called proteinases), enzymes that break proteins down into smaller pieces.

What does the research say about Bromelain?

Its protein-digesting activity makes bromelain a versatile enzyme, and researchers have reviewed its potential role in a wide range of clinical applications.

Discover 'Nutrition for PMS' and 'Which PMS type are you?'.

Why it's in PMS Hero®

Bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapple, may help alleviate PMS symptoms by reducing inflammation and easing menstrual cramps and muscle soreness. Its natural anti-oedema effects can reduce bloating and fluid retention, which are common during the premenstrual phase. Bromelain also supports healthy circulation, which may help alleviate PMS-related headaches and discomfort.

Proteolytic enzyme action: Bromelain, a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapple, helps to break down proteins in the body. This activity can reduce inflammation and pain associated with menstrual cramps by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators like bradykinin and histamine.

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms: Bromelain has been shown to modulate the immune response by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1β, IL-6) and promoting the activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This action is mediated through the inhibition of the NF-KB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway, reducing the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes.¹

Ashwagandha KSM-66® Root Extract Ashwagandha KSM-66® extract is beneficial for PMS symptoms by supporting stress reduction and emotional balance, helping to manage mood swings and irritability. As a potent adaptogen, it promotes hormonal balance and may reduce fatigue and anxiety commonly associated with PMS. Its anti-inflammatory properties can aid in easing mild cramping and muscle tension during the premenstrual phase.

Cortisol regulation: Ashwagandha has adaptogenic properties that regulate cortisol levels, which can be elevated during PMS.² The extract modulates the HPA axis and helps to reduce the physiological response to stress. The mechanism involves the downregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leading to decreased cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands.

Neurotransmitter modulation: Ashwagandha supports neurotransmitter balance, particularly serotonin and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).³ Increased serotonin levels can enhance mood and reduce anxiety, while GABAs calming effect can alleviate stress and irritability. The mechanisms involve the upregulation of tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis.